Comparison and Contrast Between Othello and Hamlet

Shakespeare’s Othello and Hamlet Comparison and Contrast By Ankur Chauhan Comparisons between plays can always be made; the question is, how useful are they? The core comparison that springs to mind between these two plays, Othello and Hamlet, is that these are both tragedies driven by character. That is to say, they all follow classically great men from great heights to terrible ends and deaths. Each man is in a situation where he is especially vulnerable. If these men swapped places, they might not have fallen so easily. As they fall, others fall with them, including those they love. When the great fail, entire sections of society fail. William Shakespeare, in the play Hamlet, goes deep into the psychological afflictions of a man†¦show more content†¦Othello says, â€Å"My wife! My wife! What wife. I have no wife. O, insupportable! O heavy hour. Methinks it should now be a big eclipse Of sun and moon, and that th’affrighted globe Should yawn at alteration.† (Othello, Act V Scene II) But, when he discovers that he has been tricked by his friend and comrade, Iago, he is overcome by remorse and kills himself. Othello asks before dying that they remember him for who he was, not, who he has become. Just like Hamlet, Othello is based upon the passions that drive the main character to the brink of insanity. Othello’s love for Desdemona was so deep that he could not bear the thought of another man being with her. He felt insecure in his own position and this added to his insanity. Unlike Hamlet, who constantly has ghosts whispering in his ear, Othello must deal with the lies and accusations of Iago, which are albeit as good. Iago tells these lies with the intention of pushing Othello towards jealousy. Both the tragic heroes bare similar personality traits. Hamlet is jealous of his mother’s relationship with his uncle, the King, and Othello is jealous of Desdemona. Hamlet seeks revenge, but his insanity prevents him from acting. Othello seeks revenge, but his insanity makes him blinded to who that vengeance should be directed towards, and in his insanity is driven to murder his own wife, and then kill himself. In both the plays, Shakespeare is dealing with theShow Mor eRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Ghost 2757 Words   |  12 Pagesbecause we can never find any conclusive textual references. In the Ghost’s encounter with Hamlet, he calls his ex-wife his ‘most seeming virtuous queen’. What’s more, he bids Hamlet to ‘Leave her to Heaven/ And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge/ To prick and sting her.’ Although these words suggest that Gertrude is blameworthy of some crime, the verdict of her complicity in the murder of late King Hamlet and of her involvement in conspiring with Claudius to usurp Prince Hamlet’s ascendancy stillRead MoreEssay on Language and Imagery in The Tragedy of Hamlet1358 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet:   Language and Imagery      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Horatio tells Hamlet that he speaks ‘wild and whirling words’, but with Shakespeare, this can never truly be the case. Even phrases that appear so have always a complex meter behind them and, in Hamlet especially, it seems that every word is chosen individually to serve a particular purpose. Despite being almost four hundred years old, Shakespeare is considered the landmark in English literature as the dawning of the modern age of drama. PreviouslyRead More Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesFortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlets father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actionsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Most Famous Writers Of All Time1859 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Shakespeare family when William moved to London to pursue acting and playwriting. In his works, he embeds disappointment between the young and the old because of the tension in his own family. Men ruled during Shakespeare’s life, so many of his plays involve disappointment between fathers and sons. In Henry IV and Henry V, two separate works follow the dynamic between a single father and son pair. Henry IV has usurped the crown from Richard II and faces a growing revolution against his reignRead MoreClassical Tragedies And Romantic Tragedies2060 Words   |  9 Pagesdescribed as being â€Å"In all that is external and mechanical the theatre was comparatively crude† (Dowden 47). A complete opposite of what is described and remembered in the Classical times. Simple wooden structures that could only house a fraction in comparison to the vast amphitheatres of an older time. However what made Romantic tragedy so different to Classical tragedy was its fundamental core. Romantic tragedies were not bound by stories of myth and legend. Morality had ebbed and flowed and was nowRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The London Theatre Records ( Bloom )2308 Words   |  10 Pagesfifty-two of unknown causes on April 23, 1616 and is buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon. William Shakespeare’s wrote for twenty years composing millions of words of poetry and drama, his career is the product of a perfect match between his talents and the time. A time in England of relative political stability, ruled by a woman, Queen Elizabeth I who acknowledged the importance of art to life and the legacy of her nation. The Renaissance, an era in the use of developed rhetoricRead MoreA Comparison of the Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet1789 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of the Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet I have been studying the prologue to Romeo and Juliet written by the magnificent playwright, William Shakespeare sometime between 1594 and 1596. Still globally acknowledgedRead More Barkovs Hamlet: A Tragedy of Errors Essay6762 Words   |  28 Pages William Shakespeare authorship: The text of Hamlet contains indications that Shakespeare portrayed himself as an allegedly dead university graduate. HAMLET: A TRAGEDY OF ERRORS, OR THE TRAGICAL FATE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE? by Alfred Barkov To the contents When the text of William Shakespeare: a mask for Hamlet - Christopher Marlowe? William Shakespeare Hamlet is read attentively, and no details are disregarded, it becomes evident that William Shakespeare included in it something quite differentRead MoreEssay Violence in theTitus Andronicus1926 Words   |  8 PagesFor example, whilst Titus anguish on losing his hand impacts the audience directly due to the grisly visual action, Lavinias intolerable suffering is altered somewhat in effect as Marcus emotions and Ovidian style poetry prevent a verbal barrier between the audience and the violence. There is such a considerable amount of violence in Titus, varying in intensity and degree that it might seem hard to draw any firm conclusions about its impact. One can, however, obtain the idea that the violenceRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesempire, Croesus thought the oracle meant his enemys empire. In fact, the empire Croesus destroyed by going to war was his own 6. analogy- A comparison of two different things that are alike in some way (see metaphor and simile). Analogy is the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are types of relationships you should find. Example: hot

History Of Gold, Legends, And The World Of The Legend Of...

Gold, legends have been made about it especially the legend of El Dorado but maybe the city isn’t actually a city just a plot of land that has produced 40% of all the worlds gold ore. Witwatersrand Basin located in Johannesburg, South Africa has been called the richest gold field ever mined. In 1970 it produced 79% of the worlds gold output, but as a mineral that takes hundreds of years to produce it was mined out, by 2009 it produced less that 9%. Gold has been a sign of wealth since the earliest civilizations, being made into jewelry, money, or other materialistic objects. Therefore, making gold a nice commodity to have access to, although not many people do. The first person to mine Witwatersrand Basin was J.H. Davis a British prospector came across the land in 1852 where he walked away with  £600 worth in gold. Years later Jan Gerritze Bantjes was called â€Å"the first and original discoverer of one of the gold fields† in June 1884 since none of the earlier miner s owned the land. Due to the large area covered in this basin many new fields were found each richer than the last. Today the land is mined by Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company Ltd created in 1886 was the first mining company on the reef. Most of the mining conditions in the early 1900’s was harsh and dangerous; the mines were dark and the infrastructure of them were questionable. Due to the lack of machinery and advancements that we have available now these mines were dug by men, mined by men, and destroyed byShow MoreRelatedColombian Folklore5889 Words   |  24 Pageswith elements of  African  and  native American cultures. ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Relevancy This folkloric entities are present in the  carnivals and festivals  countrywide. The â€Å"Desfiles de Mitos y Leyendas† (myths  and  legends  parades) are important part in these events in most of the Colombian cities and municipalities. Examples of these parades are the  Barranquillas Carnival,  Cali Fair  and  Festival of the Flowers, where the legendary creatures parade take place in the  Medellà ­n ´sRead MoreEssay on The Amazing Country of Colombia1602 Words   |  7 Pagesgave birth to the legend of El Dorado. Colombia became a target to all Spaniards because of the assumed riches there. Everyone went to Colombia and a few small settlements were built. In 1525 Rodrigo de Bastidas put down the first stones of, Santa Maria, which is now the earliest surviving town. The obsession with El Dorado drove many people to go to Colombia. They found no riches or gold but because so many people went to Colombia the colonization grew. The legend of El Dorado is linked to the MuiscasRead MoreVoltaires Use Of Distortion1620 Words   |  7 Pagesan essay in which you examine Voltaire’s use of distortion; how is he using it and to what extent does he succeed in â€Å"mak[ing] people see†? In other words, how did Voltaire incorporate distortion in order to make his readers see or think about the world differently? Provide a focused claim with well-chosen textual evidence in support of your analysis. Voltaire uses the literary device of distortion throughout his novel Candide. By exaggerating and satirizing the adventures of the characters, VoltaireRead MoreThe Shaping Of North America2646 Words   |  11 PagesUNIT ONE: Terms and Concepts I. The Shaping of North America 1. History was beginning first recorded 6,000 years ago. 500 years ago Spaniards discovered the Americas and soon started colonizing the new lands. 2. The theory of Pangaea suggests that the continents were once stuck together into one huge continent. Eventually they started drifting into separated landmasses, which gave birth to the modern continents. 3. Geological forces by the continental plates created the Appalachian and Rocky MountainsRead MoreAmazon Rainforest: Issues3286 Words   |  14 Pagespeople who live in it, this will be the focus of this research paper. In this paper, I will discuss the history, causes, effects and solutions for the Amazon rainforest deforestation. Needless to say, the environmental problems of today started a long time ago, before automobiles, electricity, and the Industrial Revolution. From ancient times to present day, humans have changed the world in which they live. As population increase and technology advances, more significannot and widespread problems

8 Interesting Facts About the Irish American Population

How many facts and figures do you know about the Irish American population? Did you know, for example, that March is Irish-American Heritage Month? If so, you belong to a small group of Americans. Too few people know that there is such a month at all, let alone which month it falls in, according to the American Foundation for Irish Heritage. While a number of events internationally take place in honor of St. Patrick’s Day, celebrating the Irish throughout the month of March has yet to become a routine practice. The American Foundation for Irish Heritage aims to make the cultural heritage month, first celebrated in 1995, as popular as Black History Month or Hispanic Heritage Month. The group even offers tips on how to get the public to take more of an interest in celebrating the month-long observance, such as contacting public radio and television stations, Irish-American organizations and state governors. The foundation already has one agency in its corner; the US Census Bureau. Each year, the bureau acknowledges Irish-American Heritage Month by releasing facts and figures about the Irish population. Irish Ancestry in the US Population Although Oktoberfest is nowhere near as popular as St. Patrick’s Day in the US, more Americans claim to be of German ancestry than any other. Irish is the second most popular ethnicity Americans claim. Nearly 35 million Americans report having Irish heritage, according to the census. That’s seven times the population of Ireland, which is an estimated 4.58 million. Where Irish Americans Live New York is home to the largest percentage of Irish Americans in the country. The state boasts an Irish-American population of 13%. Nationwide, the Irish-American population averages 11.2%. New York City also has the distinction of being host to the first St. Patrick’s Day Parade. It took place on March 17, 1762, and featured Irish soldiers in the English military. In the 5th century, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, but the day in his honor has now come to be associated with anything Irish-related. Irish Immigrants to America Precisely 144,588 Irish immigrants became naturalized US residents in 2010. Wealth Among Irish Americans Households headed by Irish Americans actually have higher median incomes ($56,363 yearly) than the $50,046 average for US households generally. Not surprisingly, Irish Americans also have lower poverty rates than Americans as a whole. Just 6.9% of households headed by Irish Americans had incomes at the poverty level, while 11.3% of American households generally did. Higher Education Irish Americans are more likely than the US population as a whole to be college graduates. While 33% of Irish Americans 25 or older have at least earned a bachelor’s degree and 92.5 have at least a high school diploma, for Americans generally, the corresponding numbers are only 28.2% and 85.6%, respectively. The Workforce About 41% of Irish Americans work in management, professional and related occupations, the census reports. Next in line are sales and office occupations. Just above 26% of Irish Americans work in that field, followed by 15.7% in service occupations, 9.2% in production, transportation, and material moving occupations, and 7.8% in construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair occupations. Median Age Irish Americans are older than the general US population. According to the 2010 census, the average American is 37.2 years old. The average Irish American is 39.2 years old. The Most Irish President John F. Kennedy broke the glass ceiling in 1961 by becoming the first Irish-American Catholic president. But he wasn’t the president with the most direct ties to Ireland. According to the Christian Science Monitor, Andrew Jackson holds this distinction. Both of his parents were born in Country Antrim, Ireland. They relocated to the United States in 1765, two years before his birth.

Scams Associated With Cybercrime - 1624 Words

Introduction Cybercrime has experienced significant progress during recent years, as its advance is directly proportional with the advance of technology. In spite of the fact that the authorities devise new and better strategies to fight cybercrime, the fact that the number of people online is constantly increasing means that cybercrimes occur even more frequently. Dishonest people who seek opportunities have discovered how the internet stands as a perfect environment for them to commit crimes by taking as little risks as possible. Computer fraud generates a series of benefits for the person committing it, as he or she can either profit financially from the enterprise or can simply alter files in order for his or her image to be positively affected. Identity theft is a major form of cybercrime and it is essential for society to acknowledge the gravity of the matter in order to be able to effectively fight against criminals using it. What types of scams are associated with the cybercrime? While identity theft was present in society previous to the appearance of the internet, this medium has provided thieves with an intriguing method to steal identities from people without even having to leave their house. Today, more and more people engage in online financial activities such as shopping, banking, investing, and bill paying. (Understanding Identity Theft) While this reflects positively on peoples lives by saving them significant time, it also exposes them to a world ofShow MoreRelatedTrends in Cybercrime1083 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Cybercrime is nothing to new in this day and time; this has been a problem for many since the early onset of the 80’s. Although much seems to have been done to combat cybercrime over the years, criminals still have an advantage edge. With IT experts, companies see now just how important it is to involve law enforcement in the efforts to fight against computer crime. Computer cybercrime as we know it today is now used as potentially illegal activities. Many issues surroundingRead MoreRoutine Activities Theory : The Classical School Of Criminological Theory1354 Words   |  6 Pagesof criminological theory. Classical school theorists believe that humans are rational individuals who make decisions based on their own free will. In short, humans oftentimes make decisions after taking into consideration the risk versus reward associated with the behavior. Essentially, routine activities theory draws from Amos Hawley’s (1950) theory of human ecology. This theory explores the terrestrial aspects of human behavior in community environments. Hawley (1950) theorizes that collectiveRead MoreSources Of Crime1305 Words   |  6 PagesMy first source I found using EBSCOhost and the academic search premier. Using terms such as cyber, cybercrime, cyber security, and multiple terms commonly associated with hacking I was able to find a fairly informative list of tips for helping to protect yourself from the criminals out to get you on the internet. My second source I found on Opposing Viewpoints in Context, which goes into detail about identity theft along with the different methods used by internet criminals to target individualsRead MoreCybercrime Is A Common Crime That Is Done By A Person To1331 Words   |  6 PagesCybercrime is a common crime that is done by a person to take advantage of computers or technology devices by receiving another person’s personal information or committing acts of fraud or larceny. Cybercrime has expanded since the technology era and has advanced with several new devices that allows information to be stored or recorded by gathering evidence that is pertaining to a crime. There are many types of cybercrime and anybody can be a victim by providing information through financial transactionsRead MoreIs Identity Theft Or Having Credit Card Or Banking Information Stolen?1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthese attacks. By educating oneself on the risks and vulnerabilities associated w ith being on the internet and having so much information tied into it, you may be able to stay much safer. One of the first and most important things that everyone must do in order to avoid being a victim of cybercrime, is educating yourself of exactly what cybercrime is and the many ways it can manifest itself and affect you. Simply put, cybercrime is any type of crime that is perpetrated by the use of a computer orRead MoreScams, Cons, And Identity Theft Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages Scams, Cons, and Identity Theft As much as privacy is a wanted and needed ideal, it is also necessary for privacy to be looked after otherwise someone’s personal information will be exploited. When training for certification, IT workers must be able to remove viruses as well as protect information as privacy agreements ensure. An IT specialist or a repair man must keep the privacy of a client, because if we did not it would be a little counter productive, or possibly hypocritical. Scams, consRead MoreCountry Girl Jewelry1509 Words   |  6 Pageswho can successfully handle the evolving challenges associated with safeguarding the nations data and [electronic] infrastructure (U.S. Government and Industry, 2011). Literature Review - Types of cybercrime, pervasiveness within industry, trends, international issues, who is at risk. Contingency Planning and Risk Management - In its most basic sense, risk management identifies, allows assessment, and prioritizes risks that are associated and central to an individual project or organizationRead MoreHow Police Systems Are Conducted1946 Words   |  8 Pagesare not the only potential victim of the problems that can be associated with the use of social media. The agency as a whole can be adversely affected by using social media outlets. Sensitive information may inadvertently be made available to the general public if strict policies and guidelines are not followed by the agency and the officers entrusted with the maintenance of agency social media sties .Another possible pitfall associated with agency use of social media is getting the opposite effectRead MoreThe Changing Temperaments Of Cultural Practices Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesopened up a way for malevolent behavior to flourish over the internet. With that being said, online scammers have configured an i ntimate avenue to manipulate and con. Perpetrators of dating scams simply work by setting up fake profile accounts on online dating websites. They then contact other people associated within the website, and after a duration of time cultivating a fictitious romantic relationship and expressing their love and feelings for the person they have contacted, they attempt to deriveRead MoreThe Social Of Social Engineering Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesrespectively. Thus, completion of the execution phase is synonymous with the implementation of the attack (Heikkinen, 2006, p. 2). The most common types of social engineering attacks, per Conteh Schmick (2016) include the following: Phishing These scams try to gain personal information and may redirect a user to disguised websites Pretexting Pretexting entails fabrication of a credible story meant to convince a target. Baiting Baiting is like phishing. However, baiting involves a lure through enticement

Foundation and Empire 2. The Magicians Free Essays

FOUNDATION†¦ With forty years of expansion behind them, the Foundation faced the menace of Riose. The epic days of Hardin and Mallow had gone and with them were gone a certain hard daring and resolution†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica There were four men in the room, and the room was set apart where none could approach. The four men looked at each other quickly, then lengthily at the table that separated them. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation and Empire 2. The Magicians or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were four bottles on the table and as many full glasses, but no one had touched them. And then the man nearest the door stretched out an arm and drummed a slow, padding rhythm on the table. He said, â€Å"Are you going to sit and wonder forever? Does it matter who speaks first?† â€Å"Speak you first, then,† said the big man directly opposite. â€Å"You’re the one who should be the most worried.† Sennett Forell chuckled with noiseless nonhumor. â€Å"Because you think I’m the richest. Well – Or is it that you expect me to continue as I have started. I don’t suppose you forget that it was my own Trade Fleet that captured this scout ship of theirs.† â€Å"You had the largest fleet,† said a third, â€Å"and the best pilots; which is another way of saying you are the richest. It was a fearful risk; and would have been greater for one of us.† Sennett Forell chuckled again. â€Å"There is a certain facility in risk-taking that I inherit from my father. After all, the essential point in running a risk is that the returns justify it. As to which, witness the fact that the enemy ship was isolated and captured without loss to ourselves or warning to the others.† That Forell was a distant collateral relative of the late great Hober Mallow was recognized openly throughout the Foundation. That he was Mallow’s illegitimate son was accepted quietly to just as wide an extent. The fourth man blinked his little eyes stealthily. Words crept out from between thin lips. â€Å"It is nothing to sleep over in fat triumph, this grasping of little ships. Most likely, it will but anger that young man further.† â€Å"You think he needs motives?† questioned Forell, scornfully. â€Å"I do, and this might, or will, save him the vexation of having to manufacture one.† The fourth man spoke slowly, â€Å"Hober Mallow worked otherwise. And Salvor Hardin. They let others take the uncertain paths of force, while they maneuvered surely and quietly.† Forell shrugged. â€Å"This ship has proved its value. Motives are cheap and we have sold this one at a profit.† There was the satisfaction of the born Trader in that. He continued, â€Å"The young man is of the old Empire.† â€Å"We knew that,† said the second man, the big one, with rumbling discontent. â€Å"We suspected that,† corrected Forell, softly. â€Å"If a man comes with ships and wealth, with overtures of friendliness, and with offers of trade, it is only sensible to refrain from antagonizing him, until we are certain that the profitable mask is not a face after all. But now-â€Å" There was a faint whining edge to the third man’s voice as he spoke. â€Å"We might have been even more careful. We might have found out first. We might have found out before allowing him to leave. It would have been the truest wisdom.† â€Å"That has been discussed and disposed of,† said Forell. He waved the subject aside with a flatly final gesture. â€Å"The government is soft,† complained the third man. â€Å"The mayor is an idiot.† The fourth man looked at the other three in turn and removed the stub of a cigar from his mouth. He dropped it casually into the slot at his right where it disappeared with a silent flash of disruption. He said sarcastically, â€Å"I trust the gentleman who last spoke is speaking through habit only. We can afford to remember here that we are the government.† There was a murmur of agreement. The fourth man’s little eyes were on the table. â€Å"Then let us leave government policy alone. This young man†¦ this stranger might have been a possible customer. There have been cases. All three of you tried to butter him into an advance contract. We have an agreement – a gentleman’s agreement – against it, but you tried.† â€Å"So did you,† growled the second man. I know it,† said the fourth, calmly. â€Å"Then let’s forget what we should have done earlier,† interrupted Forell impatiently, â€Å"and continue with what we should do now. In any case, what if we had imprisoned him, or killed him, what then? We are not certain of his intentions even yet, and at the worst, we could not destroy an Empire by snipping short one man’s life. There might be navies upon navies waiting just the other side of his nonreturn.† â€Å"Exactly,† approved the fourth man. â€Å"Now what did you get out of your captured ship? I’m too old for all this talking.† â€Å"It can be told in a few enough words,† said Forell, grimly. â€Å"He’s an Imperial general or whatever rank corresponds to that over there. He’s a young man who has proved his military brilliance – so I am told – and who is the idol of his men. Quite a romantic career. The stories they tell of him are no doubt half lies, but even so it makes him out to be a type of wonder man.† â€Å"Who are the ‘they’?† demanded the second man. â€Å"The crew of the captured ship. Look, I have all their statements recorded on micro-film, which I have in a secure place. Later on, if you wish, you can see them. You can talk to the men yourselves, if you think it necessary. I’ve told you the essentials.† â€Å"How did you get it out of them? How do you know they’re telling the truth?† Forell frowned. â€Å"I wasn’t gentle, good sir. I knocked them about, drugged them crazy, and used the Probe unmercifully. They talked. You can believe them.† â€Å"In the old days,† said the third man, with sudden irrelevance, â€Å"they would have used pure psychology. Painless, you know, but very sure. No chance of deceit.† â€Å"Well, there is a good deal they had in the old days,† said Forell, dryly. â€Å"These are the new days.† â€Å"But,† said the fourth man, â€Å"what did he want here, this general, this romantic wonder-man?† There was a dogged, weary persistence about him. Forell glanced at him sharply. â€Å"You think he confides the details of state policy to his crew? They didn’t know. There was nothing to get out of them in that respect, and I tried, Galaxy knows.† â€Å"Which leaves us-â€Å" â€Å"To draw our own conclusions, obviously.† Forell’s fingers were tapping quietly again. â€Å"The young man is a military leader of the Empire, yet he played the pretense of being a minor princeling of some scattered stars in an odd comer of the Periphery. That alone would assure us that his real motives are such as it would not benefit him to have us know. Combine the nature of his profession with the fact that the Empire has already subsidized one attack upon us in my father’s time, and the possibilities become ominous. That first attack failed. I doubt that the Empire owes us love for that.† â€Å"There is nothing in your findings,† questioned the fourth man guardedly, â€Å"that makes for certainty? You are withholding nothing?† Forell answered levelly, â€Å"I can’t withhold anything. From here on there can be no question of business rivalry. Unity is forced upon us.† â€Å"Patriotism?† There was a sneer in the third man’s thin voice. â€Å"Patriotism be damned,† said Forell quietly. â€Å"Do you think I give two puffs of nuclear emanation for the future Second Empire? Do you think I’d risk a single Trade mission to smooth its path? But – do you suppose Imperial conquest will help my business or yours? If the Empire wins, there will be a sufficient number of yearning carrion crows to crave the rewards of battle.† â€Å"And we’re the rewards,† added the fourth man, dryly. The second man broke his silence suddenly, and shifted his bulk angrily, so that the chair creaked under him. â€Å"But why talk of that. The Empire can’t win, can it? There is Seldon’s assurance that we will form the Second Empire in the end. This is only another crisis. There have been three before this.† â€Å"Only another crisis, yes!† Forell brooded. â€Å"But – in the case of the first two, we had Salvor Hardin to guide us; in the third, there was Hober Mallow. Whom have we now?† He looked at the others somberly and continued, â€Å"Seldon’s rules of psychohistory on which it is so comforting to rely probably have as one of the contributing variables, a certain normal initiative on the part of the people of the Foundation themselves. Seldon’s laws help those who help themselves.† â€Å"The times make the man,† said the third man. â€Å"There’s another proverb for you.† â€Å"You can’t count on that, not with absolute assurance,† grunted Forell. â€Å"Now the way it seems to me is this. If this is the fourth crisis, then Seldon has foreseen it. If he has, then it can be beaten, and there should be a way of doing it. â€Å"Now The Empire is stronger than we; it always has been. But this is the first time we are in danger of its direct attack, so that strength becomes terribly menacing. If it can be beaten, it must be once again as in all past crises by a method other than pure force. We must find the weak side of our enemy and attack it there.† â€Å"And what is that weak side?† asked the fourth man. â€Å"Do you intend advancing a theory?† â€Å"No. That is the point I’m leading up to. Our great leaders of the past always saw the weak points of their enemies and aimed at that. But now-â€Å" There was a helplessness in his voice, and for a moment none volunteered a comment. Then the fourth man said, â€Å"We need spies.† Forell turned to him eagerly. â€Å"Right! I don’t know when the Empire will attack. There may be time.† â€Å"Hober Mallow himself entered the Imperial dominions,† suggested the second man. But Forell shook his head. â€Å"Nothing so direct. None of us are precisely youthful; and all of us are rusty with red-tape and administrative detail. We need young men that are in the field now-â€Å" â€Å"The independent traders?† asked the fourth man. And Forell nodded his, head and whispered, â€Å"If there is yet time-â€Å" How to cite Foundation and Empire 2. The Magicians, Essay examples

Anticipating Localization Effects Of Clean â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Anticipating Localization Effects Of Clean? Answer: Introducation The new and unique feature introduced by Nokia Corporation in their smartphones will help them to attain the more consumers get attracted towards it while it will also help the organization to solve various types of issues to its users. Apart from the new feature introduced in its smartphones by Nokia, they have also adopted the latest technology which is Android operating system which enhances the phones performance as well a better experience is provided to its users (Beelen, et. al., 2014). Following are some of the issues which will be resolved with the help of the innovative feature included in the Nokias smartphones as well as the latest operating system technique adopted by them: Definition of the Problem The issue which breaks the rhythm of performing the task or with the effect of issue, organization or consumers are unable to perform its activities are known as problem. In the context of smartphone, expectations of consumers are increasing rapidly and in order to fulfil those requirements and to fix the issues faced by the consumers, organization adopts the idea of invention. Evidence of the Problem For instance, user has secret and confidential information in his phone and the he has locked his phone through password or with any pattern lock. This can be easily traceable and can be hacked effortlessly, hence; secret information could be leaked easily. To improve the privacy of the user in terms of smart phones, Nokia has introduced face detection unlock pattern and with the help of this, till the time phone will not recognise the authorised users face, phone will not get unlocked. Hence, dripping of secret or any information is impossible (Boons, et. al., 2013). The feature of face detection will improve the feasibility because it is observed and reviewed that smart phone users have faced forgot password issues a lot and in this situation, they need to consult the service centre in order to reset the password. But in the scenario of face detection unlock pattern by Nokia Corporation to unlock the phone, forgot password issue will not be faced by its users (Caeque Hart, 2015). If someone tried to unlock the phone without the owners permission, the phone will record the data of the particular person and that information will help the user to identify the suspicious person who tried to unlock the phone without users permit (Cole, et. al., 2013). Timing Considerations Apart from these major issues, the feature invented by the Nokia Corporation in their smartphones will help its users to resolve various types of issues as well as it will also enhance the experience of using smart phones to its users. Nokia Corporation would be able to enhance their market position in the competitive business environment and it will also enhance the organizations performance in terms of increasing the productivity as well as the innovation will also help the organization to gain its competitive advantage in the global market (Dentchev, et. al., 2016). Considerations The innovation launched by the organization is quite impressive and this will help the consumers to resolve their various types of issues. Management in the security features will be the greatest achievement of this innovation. Nokia Corporation should take the copyrights and the patents on the innovation developed by them. This will help them to gain the competitive advantage and in the scenario, when some other wishes to use the same innovation, they need to take the permission from the Nokia Corporation first. There are number of benefits available to the users of smartphones and to the mobile manufacturing companies (Grant, 2016). Following are the top innovations which have turned the smartphones into an intelligent and very useful device: Benefits to be delivered Processor: With the introduction of Android operating system, smartphones processor has also been upgraded to boost up the speed and performance of the phone. It also enhances the experience of its users as they get the boost up performance of their phones in comparison with the previous smartphones processor (Halme Korpela, 2014). Displays: Mobile manufacturing companies has also enhanced the display feature of the smartphones. In modern world, bar phones are converted into touch screen phones and along with this, screen resolution has also been modified in order to provide better experience to its users while playing any video, game or any other stuff (Hough Mattson, 2016). Battery: Being a smartphone and with various unique features, battery life of the phones has also been enhanced in order to meet the customers expectation. Improvement in the battery life of the smartphones has been a great advantage to its manufacturers as well as to its consumers because it promotes its users to use the phone with adequate battery backup (Migliori, et. al., 2014). Face detection unlocking system: Face detection unlocks system is the new innovation developed by Nokia Corporation in order to enhance the security and safety to the data stored in the smartphone. Prior to this, finger print scanning, pin lock and pattern lock was introduced. In face detection process, phone will only be unlocked with the face recognised of the official user added in the smartphone (Richter, 2013). Importance of Benefits to Government Government could also adopt the innovation developed by Nokia Corporation in order to enhance the security measures. There are number of confidential matters and information is available with government whose leakage could leads to various issues. As most countries governments have also adopted the digital mediums to store their data, information, etc. And to keep those information, certain other measures are also being adopted, hence; the face detection measure will be quite beneficial for the organization if this would be applied in the governmental workplace. Evidence of benefit Core benefits to update the features and programs of the smartphone are necessary in order to keep constant or to increase the demand of the smartphones in its users. The unique features are also added in the smartphones with a view to resolve the issues of the consumers. Mobile manufacturing organization constantly research the market as well as conduct various feedback and survey programs in relation to analyse the demand of the consumers in terms of smartphones. The more, the smartphone will fulfil the demand of its users, the more will be the demand (van den Ent, et. al., 2017). Interdependencies Apart from these unique features, there are number of features are available which are adopted by Nokia in their upcoming models in order to increase the demand of their smartphone in global market. All the latest techniques from processor to the screen resolution, camera, sound, etc. all are added in the upcoming models of Nokia for increasing the productivity as well as for enhancing the performance of the organization and to gain the lost image in the consumer electronic market (Rocha, et. al., 2016). Method and Criteria This is the procedure to analyse the effectiveness of the plan introduced in the global market in order to increase the demand and to build effective market image. In relation with smartphones, dummy models are launched in order to provide the user imaginary feel of the phone. These are also launched in order to test the importance of the features introduced in the smartphone to its users. Under this plan, advertisement and the promotional techniques are also adopted. These are useful in spreading awareness in relation to the new product launched by the company. Nokia Corporation needs to use this feature adequately with a view to spread the awareness of the new smartphone launched through unique advertisement and promotional techniques and the techniques are also useful in the process of spreading awareness in the consumers of various parts of the globe (Zailani, et. al., 2015). Strategic Interventions Promoting the new products includes various techniques and the trending techniques of advertisement are print medium and the electronic medium. Print medium of advertisement includes advertisement through newspapers, pamphlets, board hoardings, displays shows, etc. These are also known as traditional form of promotional techniques which can be used to promote the new products launched and to introduce a new business outlet in the domestic as well as international market (Page, 2015). Strategic Options Apart from the print medium of advertisement, electronic medium of promotion of new products are launched exists. Under this term, organization is able to aware the public in large number in relevance with new product or business launched in the international market. This medium is bit costly but it also helpful in covering large number of public in relation to the spreading awareness in relation with the products. Nokia Corporation is using both these techniques with highlighting the two main features included in their smartphones i.e. face detection feature which will increase the security of the smartphone as well as the adaptation of latest operating system used in their smartphones. Along with these two unique features, organization is has also added some attractive features which has enhanced their phones performance (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). Strategic Recommended Options Apart from these techniques for promoting the new smartphone, Nokia could also use the technique of display shows, sponsorship of an event, etc. These are very trending these days as well as result oriented also. Nokia Corporation needs to adopt some more attractive strategies which could be helpful in generating curiosity in the customers mind in relation with the smartphones launching in the global market after a long period. Launching trailer of the smartphone, description in relevance with the new features added, display size and its result, etc. can be included in the strategic plan for introducing the smartphone in the global market (Huang, et. al., 2016). As Nokia Corporation is retaliation in the mobile industry after a period, they need to adopt and follow a set of strategies in terms of successful leaching of their phones in the international market. Along with this, Nokia Corporation could also utilize the latest advertisement and promotional techniques as per the market conditions. Display shows, sponsorships of crucial events and electronic media needs to be followed strictly in relevance with retaliation in the consumer electronic market. Project option Analysis Project option analysis is the selection technique of the suitable technique in relation with the promotion of the new product launched by the organization and the particular strategy needs to consider policies, rules and regulations built up by the management as well as well as the external stakeholders. Project Options Considered This process is conducted with the view to analyse the effectiveness of the project as well as it also helps to avoid the disturbance in the performance of the organization. For instance, an organization is involved in the manufacturing and distribution of alcoholic drinks in the United States of America and now there are planning to expand their business in international market and they have chosen India as their preferred option. Hence, that particular organization needs to take permission from the Indian government in relevance with trading of alcoholic drinks in India. This includes rules, regulations, tax system, etc. Along with this, appropriate documentation is also needs to be followed by the organization in order to meet the core objectives of the organization (Zou, et. al., 2017). Stakeholder Identification and Consultation According to this, Nokia Corporation needs to follow all the policies of all countries in which they are planning to launch their new smartphones with unique features. Apart from this, organization needs to take copyrights from its primary competitors in order to remove the glitches in the trading activities of the organization. Under project option analysis, Nokia Corporation needs analyse the effectiveness of each and every available option in terms of entering into consumer electronic goods. In the same, some points from the companys perception needs to be considered as well. Amongst the requirement of the company, the initial objective of the organization is matching the products quality set up by the management of the organization. Quality measures are built up in order to maintain the safety to the users while using smartphones (Smith, et. al., 2014). Social Impacts In these days, most of the mobile manufacturing companies have given contracts to the China in relation to reduce the cost of production. Hence, safety, quality as well as other requirements needs to be clearly mentioned in the contract and those should be tested while receiving the order from the contractor. Apart from checking the quality measures, CBA analysis could also be used. This analysis includes various platforms through which effectiveness of the selected technique is measured. Comparing Net Present Value (NPV) and the internal rate of return are the major terms which are measured under CBA analysis to measure the effectiveness of the appropriate plan. Economic Aspects In these days, most of the mobile manufacturing companies have given contracts to the China in relation to reduce the cost of production. Hence, safety, quality as well as other requirements needs to be clearly mentioned in the contract and those should be tested while receiving the order from the contractor. Apart from checking the quality measures, CBA analysis could also be used. This analysis includes various platforms through which effectiveness of the selected technique is measured. Comparing Net Present Value (NPV) and the internal rate of return are the major terms which are measured under CBA analysis to measure the effectiveness of the appropriate plan. Apart from the above analyses, there are other measures are also available through which organization is able to select the most appropriate technique. Multi-criteria analysis is another a crucial aspect through which organization could determine all the subjects such as features, result of their phone, performance, etc. could be evaluated combine. Cost-effectiveness is also a good option through which projects importance could also be measured in order to attain the goals and the objectives of the organization (Schmidt Huenteler, 2016). Cost Benefit Analysis In order to attain the cost benefit analysis, organization needs to adopt some adequate strategies through which they could be able to cut unnecessary costs of the production. Such effective techniques are cost-effectiveness technique. In these types of strategies, organization is able to settle the unnecessary costs incurred for the production (Smith, et. al., 2014). Financial Analysis The capital incurred for the production of the innovation will be incurred from the analysis done by the management. As Nokia Corporation is not doing business since a long period of time, their goodwill in the consumer electronic goods market has also been reduced. In order to raise their goodwill, organization needs to adopt certain measures through which appropriate funds could be raised for introducing the effective innovation done by the research and development department of the organization. Nokia Corporation could raise the funds through issuing public shares, taking loans and the advances, etc. (Zailani, et. al., 2015). Risk Comparison Major risk factor for the organization will be the aggressive competitive strategies used by their primary competitors. Nokia needs to adopt certain qualitative strategies through which they could be able to gain their lost position in the consumer electronic goods again (Zou, et. al., 2017). For the same reason, they will develop aggressive and competitive type of strategies to beat its competitors and for this, market research analysis would be quite beneficial, hence; that task should be regulated in an appropriate manner to understand the strategies used by its competitors. Recommendations From the above analysis, it is observed that the mobile manufacturing and designing companies needs to introduce new and advanced features in order to enhance the performance of the phones as well as to increase the effectiveness of the same. In the scenario of Nokia Corporation, they are recommended to adopt all those techniques which will help the organization to develop its separate image in the competitive market. Nokia Corporation requires adaptation of those strategies which could help them to establish unique market presence in order to achieve desired goals and to attain lost position in the consumer electronic goods market. Adaptation of adequate promotional and the advertisement strategies are also necessary for the Nokia Corporation in order to retaliation of the organization. Conclusion It has been concluded from the above analysis that Nokia Corporation needs to adopt some effective and adequate strategies in order to develop their distinctive image in the competitive market. Apart from this, organization is also required to adopt some effective strategies in relation with the promotion and the advertisement of the products. Nokia Corporations products demand is not adequate hence; they lost their market presence in the mobile manufacturing companies. To manage the adequate resources of the organization in an adequate manner, all the strategies and the methods needs to evaluated in such a manner that could develop and able to gain some competitive advantage. References Beelen, R., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Stafoggia, M., Andersen, Z. J., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Vineis, P. (2014). Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project.The Lancet,383(9919), 785-795. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 1-8. Caeque, F. C., Hart, S. L. (Eds.). (2015).Base of the Pyramid 3.0: Sustainable development through innovation and entrepreneurship. Greenleaf Publishing. Cole, J. R., Wang, Q., Fish, J. A., Chai, B., McGarrell, D. M., Sun, Y. Tiedje, J. M. (2013). Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis.Nucleic acids research,42(D1), D633-D642. Dentchev, N., Baumgartner, R., Dieleman, H., Jhannsdttir, L., Jonker, J., Nyberg, T. van Hoof, B. (2016). Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: social entrepreneurship, corporate intrapreneurship, creativity, innovation, and other approaches to sustainability challenges.Journal of Cleaner Production,113. Eadie, R., Browne, M., Odeyinka, H., McKeown, C., McNiff, S. (2013). BIM implementation throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis.Automation in Construction,36, 145-151. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Halme, M., Korpela, M. (2014). Responsible Innovation toward sustainable development in small and medium?sized enterprises: a resource perspective.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(8), 547-566. Hough, J., Mattson, J. (2016). The Changing State of Rural Transit: Challenges, Trends, Benefits, and Innovations. Accounting, (303). Huang, P., Negro, S. O., Hekkert, M. P., Bi, K. (2016). How China became a leader in solar PV: An innovation system analysis.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,64, 777-789. Migliori, G. B., Rabe, K. F., Bel, E., Elliott, M., Gaga, M., Holgate, S. T., ... Simonds, A. K. (2014). The European Respiratory Society plans its future: the 20132018 strategic plan.European Respiratory Journal,43(4), 927-932. Page, T. (2015). An Approach to the Management of the Sustainable Issues in Mobile Phone Design and Manufacturing.i-manager's Journal on Management,10(2), 12. Richter, M. (2013). Business model innovation for sustainable energy: German utilities and renewable energy.Energy Policy,62, 1226-1237. Rocha, C., Duclos, L. C., Veiga, C. P., Bischof-Dos-Santos, C., Neves, N. A. F. (2016). The control mechanisms on the performance of the strategic initiatives management: analysis of critical sales process in a metallurgical business.International Business Management,10(4), 357-369. Schmidt, T. S., Huenteler, J. (2016). Anticipating industry localization effects of clean technology deployment policies in developing countries.Global Environmental Change,38, 8-20. Smith, A., Kern, F., Raven, R., Verhees, B. (2014). Spaces for sustainable innovation: Solar photovoltaic electricity in the UK.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,81, 115-130. van den Ent, M. M., Swift, R. D., Anaokar, S., Hegg, L. A., Eggers, R., Cochi, S. L. (2017). Contribution of global polio eradication initiativefunded personnel to the strengthening of routine immunization programs in the 10 focus countries of the polio eradication and endgame strategic plan.The Journal of Infectious Diseases,216(suppl_1), S244-S249. Zailani, S., Govindan, K., Iranmanesh, M., Shaharudin, M. R., Chong, Y. S. (2015). Green innovation adoption in automotive supply chain: the Malaysian case.Journal of Cleaner Production,108, 1115-1122. Zou, H., Du, H., Ren, J., Sovacool, B. K., Zhang, Y., Mao, G. (2017). Marketing dynamics, innovation, and transition in China's solar photovoltaic (PV) industry: A critical review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,69, 197-206.

Project Management Planning And Techniques -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Management Planning And Techniques? Answer: Introducation Scope of the project is a part of project panning which involves the determination and documentation of a list of specified project goals, features, deliverables, functions, deadline, task and lastly costs (Kerzner, 2013). Further, the present project is based upon the installation of solar energy plant near Murray River. The scope of Victorian renewable energy is to implement the 25% of solar power in the Victoria city till 2020 and the 40% would be installed by 2025. Moreover, the state planned for the implementation of various solar power plants at top of canal and state government would transfer the canal land on the lease amount of $ 10 Lac. Furthermore, cost effective technology will be transferred like solar PV generation psychology. Moreover, budget is constraint by the Victorian Government. Bidder will follow the time and budget constraints and for time, bidder will submit the document on time. Roles, Responsibilities And Authorities Project engineer, project manager and government official will be involved in the installation of solar power plant (Burke, 2013). Roles and responsibilities of these authorities have been listed below: Project manager: Planning and defining scope for installation of power plant, planning of a resource procurement, cost estimation and budget development, analyzing the risk, etc. Project Engineer: Development of projects objectives after reviewing project proposals, determining project responsibilities and specification, controlling project schedules and costs. Government Officials: Assigning of land and license for installation of power plant, reviewing the documents of projects for better installation of plant. Schedule Activities Years 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year Making of implementation agreement Approval of implementation agreement Planning the project Budgeting Contracting and procurement Commissioning Installation process Complete Installation Follow up Budget Budget is basically an estimate of an income and expenditure which is to be incurred in a course of one year. The project manager will make the budget for the present project during the time of planning only so that a clear estimation of the income and expenditure can be made. Furthermore, the major expenses will be done as follows: Expenses Amount 1. Licensing fee: $ 2000 2. Purchase of raw material: $ 35,000,000 3. Plant installation cost: $ 25,000 4. Salary to engineers and workers: $ 1,00,000 Total $ 35,127,000 Project Communication Plan The communication plan of project includes the government officials and project management as sender, they send the message to the receivers who are engineers and workers installing the power plant, recipient send back the feedback to the sender and this is how the communication between them takes place. Moreover, the communication flow is free flow between them in order to get the information in an appropriate manner. Document Management System During the installation of solar power plant; project manager has to put emphasize upon the documentation of each data in order to avoid any mishandling (Larson and Gray, 2013). However, it is not possible to carry all the paper documents in hand every time. For that aspect, project will utilize the document management system. In this, manager will track all the data and input the daily information related to installation. Moreover, workflow of every day will be done by reviewing the planned data documented in the document management system. Project Risk Register No. Description of Risk Owner Probability (Low, Medium, High) Risk Severity (Low, Medium, High) Countermeasures Date Type of Risk (Business, Project, or Stage) 1. Availability of recycled material Assistant project manager Medium High Backup vendor 5th Oct. Project 2. Availability of labors Operational manager Medium High Increasing the wages 6th Oct. Business 3. Change in Government rules Legal executive Low Medium Clearing the government about the plan 6th Oct. Project 4. Explosion of plant Project Engineer High High Looking into each part on a daily basis. 7th Oct. Project Contracting And Procurement The company will hire the engineers and workers on a contract basis in order to engage them until the project is completed and the workers do not fall on short (Meredith and Mantel, 2011). Furthermore, the manager will hire the cranes and other machines required in the installation on a contract basis in order to reserve them till the completion of project. In addition to this, the project teams will procure the recycles material for the solar power plant as the permission has been granted on this condition that it will be done using recycled products only. For that aspect, team will list out all the vendors and from them only they will procure the raw material. Safety And Environmental Issues During the installation of power plant, there are high chances of risk that explosion may occur, thus, it is a safety concern. For this aspect, project accounting team will make sure that proper safety to be provided to all the workers and engineers working on site, example, helmet, life jacket, eye glasses, etc. Further, the team will take care about that surrounding does not get degraded due to the installation and for that team will plant maximum trees in the surrounding. Quality Assurance Various strategies will be made for maintaining the quality standards. Firstly, team will assure that material used in the plant is of utmost quality; secondly, team will make sure that installation would be done under experts supervision in order to avoid any explosion in future. Lastly, they will also take care that purpose get resolved for which the plant is being installed. Commissioning Strategies The solar power system connected with greed has been commissioned in less than 20 months from the date implementation agreement. Some of the parameters related to commissioning are: In case of delay up to a month then state government will en-cash 30% of the overall performance guarantees. In case, delay is up to five months or more than state government will en-cash 50% of overall performance guarantees. If the delay is up to 15 months from the signing day of agreement then the project developer or the bidder will pay cash o power management department in relation to liquidated damages as per the rate of $200 per MW due to the delay of non-commissioned capacity. Close Out And Final Documentation After the complete installation, project manager will make the full documents starting from scratch to end. It will include the information regarding the material used, how the installation has been done, who all were included during the installation and many more information. Further, at the end of the project, contract will be closed which have been made with the engineers, workers, licensing of cranes and other machines, etc. Lastly, follow up of the plant will be taken on a timely basis. References Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, civil-engineering. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Meredith, J.R. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2011.Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons.